Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award

Steven Reff's Resume
Topics 2.1 - 2.7  Review
Day 3:  Week 4
Day 4:  Week 4
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Unit 2:  Basic Economic Concepts

• Topic 2.1   The Circular Flow and GDP
• Topic 2.2   Limitations of GDP
• Topic 2.3   Unemployment
• Topic 2.4   Price Indices and Inflation
• Topic 2.5   Costs of Inflation
• Topic 2.6   Real vs. Nominal GDP
• Topic 2.7   Business Cycles
(12% – 17% of the exam)
9 - 11 class periods
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Unit 2
Economics Indicators and Business Cycle
Week 4
Below are lessons for Unit 2: Topics 2.6 - 2.7 aligned to the AP® Macroeconomics CED.
You will have textbook readings, short videos with 3 multiple choice questions, workbook
assignments, multiple choice questions, "free" response questions and much more.

These resources can be displayed on the instructor's projection system inside the classroom,
or the instructor can copy the links and give to the students as homework.

Link to the  
AP®  Macroeconomics CED (Course and Exam Description) to see in-depth
coverage on each of the topics listed below for Unit 1:  Basic Economic Concepts.
Principles of Macroeconomics
Day 2:  Week 4
Remember, you still have all of the resources and
assessments that The College Board
® provides for you
and your students.
TEST YOURSELF 2.1 - 2.7
Reffonomics Baseball (Unit 2 Economic Indicators and the Business Cycle)
Business Cycle and PPF
Business Cycle
Business Cycle and a Recession
Business Cycle Interactive Questions Activity
Topic 2.6  Real vs. Nominal GDP
Day 1:  Week 4
eVideos -- Short Videos:
eWorkbook Activities Interactive:
Reading NOTES:
TEST YOURSELF 2.2:
(3 min. or less, along with 3 multiple choice questions)
Real v Nominal GDP (Using FRED graph)
Formulas Using a Pyramid
GDP Deflator Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator Definitions and Calculations
GDP Deflator, Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator (2016 - 2019) Activity
Nominal vs. Real
18 Multiple Choice Questions -- Real GDP
eVideos -- Short Videos:
eWorkbook Activities Interactive:
eTextbook Reading:
(3 min. or less, along with 3 multiple choice questions)
Business Cycle
Topic 2.6  Business Cycle
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2011B Macro FRQ #3 Inflation and GDP
TEST YOURSELF 2.4:
2011B Macro FRQ #3 Scoring Guidelines (rubric)
2018 Macro FRQ #3 PPC, Inflation, and Employment
2018B Macro FRQ #3 Scoring Guidelines (rubric)
2008B Macro FRQ #3 Inflation and GDP
2008B Macro FRQ #3 Scoring Guidelines (rubric)
27 Multiple Choice Questions for Unit 2:  Economic Indicators
Day 5:  Week 4
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Define nominal GDP and real GDP.

Nominal GDP is a measure of how much is spent on output. Real GDP is a
measure of how much is produced.

Nominal GDP measures aggregate output using current prices. Real GDP
measures aggregate output using constant prices, thus removing the
effect of changes in the overall price level.

Calculate real GDP and the GDP deflator.

One way of measuring real GDP is to weigh final goods and services by
their prices in a base year. Because this can lead to overstatement of real
GDP growth, statistical agencies actually use different methods.

Nominal GDP can be converted to real GDP by using the GDP deflator.
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Reffonomics Baseball Rules