Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award

Steven Reff's Resume
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Unit 4:  Financial Sector

• Topic 4.1   Financial Assets
• Topic 4.2   Nominal v. Real Interest Rates
• Topic 4.3   Definition, Measurement, & Functions of Money
• Topic 4.4   The History of Banking and the Expansion of the Money Supply
• Topic 4.5   The History of the Money Market and Money Market Graph
• Topic 4.6   The Current Monetary Policy (2008 - Present)
• Topic 4.7   The Loanable Funds Market
(17% – 27% of the exam)
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Unit 4
Financial Sector
Week 8
Principles of Macroeconomics
Day 1:  Week 8
Topic 4.5  The History of the Money Market and Money Market Graph
eVideos -- Short Videos:
eWorkbook Activities Interactive:
(3 min. or less, along with 3 multiple choice questions)
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Topic 4.5  The History of the Money Market and Money Market Graph
Simple Money Multiplier Prior to 2008 Interactive Activity
Simple Money Multiplier, Part I
Simple Money Multiplier, Part II
The Money Market Graph
Day 2:  Week 8
eVideos -- Short Videos:
eWorkbook Activities Interactive:
eTextbook Reading:
(3 min. or less, along with 3 multiple choice questions)
The Money Market Graph shows the supply of money and the demand for money.
This graph is historically important prior to September of 2008 as it indicated what
happened to nominal interest rates when there was a change in either of these curves.
This was a period of time of limited reserves.
Money Market Graph (Silent Movie)
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Prior to 2008, the Federal Reserve System operated in a limited
reserves environment where individual commercial banks held both
required and excess reserves in their vaults or on reserve with the
Federal Reserve.  This was covered in this week, Week 7.

After 2008 and currently, the Federal Reserve System operates in
an ample reserves environment where commercial bank reserves
are held at the FED as these banks now receive interest on their
reserves sitting at the FED.  This will be covered in week 8.
Money Market Graph Interactive (10 Questions)
Money Demand
Money Market Graph
Money Demand (Shifts)
Money Market Graph Interactive (10 Different Questions) Scroll Down Page
Monetary Policy Prior to 2008 Final Notes Interactive Activity
Money Market Graph and ASAD Graph (Moveable and Drawable -- Enlarge Graphs)
Topic 4.2  The History of the Money Market and Money Market Graph
Day 5:  Week 8
The Money Market Graph prior to 2008 shows the supply of money and the demand
for money.  This graph indicates what happened to nominal interest rates when there
was a change in either of these curves.  This was a period of time of limited reserves.
Reffonomics Baseball Rules
Reffonomics Baseball Money Market and ASAD
NOTE:  Students DO NOT have to draw the Keynesian Range (horizontal portion) on their ASAD graphs.
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Money Market Graph Interactive (7 Questions)
Money Market Graph (Moveable and Drawable -- Enlarge Graph)
Money Market Graph and ASAD Graph with Expansionary Policy Flow Chart I (Minimize Screen to 80%)
Money Market Graph and ASAD Graph with Contractionary Policy Flow Chart II (Minimize Screen to 80%)