Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award
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Standard 7:  Costs and Revenue of Doing Business
Week 8:  Cost and Revenue of Doing Business
Estimated Learning Time:  4 to 6 class periods (45 min. each)
"An on-level high school economics unit on the costs of doing business covers the fundamental
financial components of production, focusing on distinguishing between fixed and variable costs
to determine profitability. Key topics include calculating total costs, average costs, marginal
costs/revenue, and identifying break-even points, alongside understanding labor costs and
production efficiency."   Ask Google AI
1
Students' and Teachers' Testimonials
(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
Reading Assignment -- Chapter 8, Part I:
Video Book -- Chapter 8:
Interactive Activities -- Chapter 8:
20 Multiple Choice Questions for Weeks 7 - 8
Standard 7 - 8:  Test Yourself on Weeks 7 - 8
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(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
Cost of Doing Business (Fixed Costs and Variable Costs)
Cost of Doing Business (Calculating Variable Cost and Marginal Cost)
Chapter 8:  Cost of Doing Business
Fixed Costs (FC), Variable Costs (VC), and Total Costs (TC)
Cost of Doing Business (Calculating FC, VC, TC, and MC)
Cost of Doing Business (Calculate Revenue, Costs, and Profit Maximization)
Cost of Doing Business Quiz
(3:15 minutes)
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Standard 7:  Costs of Hiring Labor
"The costs of hiring labor are covered in on-level high school economics courses, primarily within
the study of microeconomics and labor markets."   Ask Google AI
2
Reading Assignment -- Chapter 8, Part II:
Video Book -- Chapter 8, Part II:
Interactive Activities -- Chapter 8, Part II:
(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
Chapter 8:  Business Labor Costs
Labor Costs Table (How Many Workers Should You Hire?
Labor Costs (Determining How Many Workers You Should Hire), Part I
Labor Costs (Determining How Many Workers You Should Hire), Part II
Labor Costs (Marginal Product and Total Product)
Labor Costs (Marginal Product and Average Product)
(3:46 minutes)
(3:51 minutes)
(3:03 minutes)
(3:53 minutes)
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Standard 7:  Cost of Advertising
"An on-level high school economics unit on advertising covers how marketing influences
consumer behavior, shapes demand, and impacts market competition. Key concepts include
identifying advertising techniques (e.g., emotional appeal, celebrity endorsements), the 4 P's of
marketing (product, price, place, promotion), target marketing . . ."   Ask Google AI
3
Reading Assignment -- Chapter 8, Part III:
Chapter 8:  Cost of Advertising
(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
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Standard 7:  Different Types of Market Structure
"In an on-level high school economics course, the unit on market structures focuses on how the
degree of competition within an industry influences the behavior of firms and the prices paid by
consumers."   Ask Google AI
7
Reading Assignment -- Chapter 9:
Video Book -- Chapter 9:
Interactive Activities -- Chapter 9:
(Make sure you take the 3 multiple choice questions underneath the video.)
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Types of Market Structure Interactive Table Activity
Chapter 9:  Types of Market Structure
Types of Market Structure, Part I
(3:13 minutes)
Types of Market Structure, Part II
(3:16 minutes)
Review Sheet for Weeks 7 - 8 Questions
News Article:  Price Searching Firms
News Article:  TikTok Revenue, Costs, and Profits
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IMPORTANT:  The links below are Microsoft Power Points.  When the PowerPoint opens inside a new
browser window, click INSIDE each slide to use the INTERACTIVE version of each slide.  DO NOT
just clicking on the forward and backward arrows for each slide, which makes it NON-INTERACTIVE.
1997 "Free" Response Question #2 from a College-Level Exam
See if You Smart Enough to Answer College-Level Questions about Labor Costs?
2001 "Free" Response Question #3 from a College-Level Exam Sparkle Car Wash
The video below is a lecture presented by a former Chairman and CEO of Beeline Fashions to
a group of Economics Educators in Southern Arizona in 2007 on the topic of
"Deskmanship -- How to Be Organized to Run a Corporation."

Even though the advice he discusses in this video is from the 1980s, you are hopefully smart
enough to apply his principles of time management to today's technology.  This video will
help you if you ever want to achieve a manager's position or even higher career positions.
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Standard 7:  Business Advice on Time Management
Video Assignment (25 minutes)
Business Advice on Time Management
In the first minute, he describes how he had to make the decision for the company to
purchase IBM mainframe computers that cost millions of dollars three years in advance . . .
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Standard 7:  Advice on Public Speaking to Large Audiences
"Public speaking is often described as the "number one" or a "force multiplier" skill for
corporate advancement. Executives who are confident speakers are 70% more likely to be
promoted into management roles.

Mastering this skill supports your upward trajectory in several ways:

Visibility & Recognition: Speaking at conferences, leading workshops, or even presenting in
internal meetings puts you "on the radar" of senior leadership. Decision-makers are more
likely to remember and trust those who can clearly articulate complex ideas.

Executive Presence: Public speaking builds the "stage authority" and "calm-assertive"
demeanor needed to command respect in boardrooms.

Leadership Development: Higher corporate levels transition from "doing" to "leading."
Success at these levels depends on your ability to inspire a team, communicate a vision, and
move an audience to action.

Financial Impact: Fear of public speaking can reduce potential annual earnings by 10% and
hinder promotion chances by 15%. Conversely, training in this area is estimated to boost
salaries by roughly 10%."  Ask Google AI
5
Beeline Fashions was a major American direct-sales clothing company popular from the
1960s to the 1980s, operating similarly to Tupperware by using home "fashion parties"
where stylists sold coordinated, moderately priced, and versatile apparel.  The company
offered women flexible, part-time work, peaking in 1979 with 20,000 independent contractors
and $60 million in annual sales.  Ask Google AI
4
Reading and Video Assignment -- Presenting a Speech in Front of Large Audiences
Lessons on Public Speaking in Front of Large Audiences