** Topic 6.1 International Trade & Finance Terms, Definitions, and Formulas
** Topic 6.3 Currency Exchange Questions
Topic 6.2 Exchange Rates eTextbook
Topic 6.3 Foreign Exchange Market and ASAD Graph
Topic 6.1 Balance of Trade eTextbook
** Topic 6.6 International Trade and Finances Terms, Definitions, and Formulas
** Topic 6.3 Foreign Exchange Rates Silent Movie, II
** Topic 6.3 Foreign Exchange Rates Silent Movie, I
Topic 6.1 Balance of Payments FRQs
Topic 6.6 International Trade and Finances Exchange Rates II FRQs
Unit 6:  Open Economy -- International Trade and Finance
Topic 6.1 Balance of Payments eTextbook
** Topic 6.6 Exchange Rates and Interest Rates 2015 FRQ #3
Topic 6.4 and 6.5 Changes in  the Foreign Exchange Market and Net Exports FRQs
** Topic 6.2 - 6.6 Open Economy -- International Trade and Finance Questions
** Topics 6.1 - 6.3  Reffonomics Baseball Currency Exchange Market
** Topic 6.2 - 6.6 Open Economy -- Same Questions as Above with ASAD and Loanable Funds Graphs
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve 2013 FRQ #3
** Topic 5.1 Monetary Policy (Expansionary Flow Chart with MM Graph and ASAD Graph)
Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve (Draggable Graphs)
** Topic 5.1 Monetary Policy (Expansionary Flow Chart with Ample Reserves Graph and ASAD Graph)
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve 2011 FRQ #1
** Topic 5.1 Monetary Policy (Contractionary Flow Chart with Ample Reserves Graph and ASAD Graph)
** Topic 5.1 Fiscal Policy (Expansionary Policy Flow Chart with ASAD Graph)
Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve (USE YOUR QUESTIONS with Interactive Graphs)
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve Silent Movie
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve Graph (Best eTextbook Chapter EVER)
** Topic 5.1 Monetary Policy (Contractionary Flow Chart with MM Graph and ASAD Graph)
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve (Draggable Graphs and Questions)
Unit 5:  Long-Run Consequences of Stabilization Policies
** Topic 5.1 Fiscal Policy (Contractionary Policy Flow Chart with ASAD Graph)
Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve (20 Multiple Choice Questions)
Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve ASAD Graph Side-by-Side Graphs
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve Graph (Drawing and Questions)
** Topic 5.2 Phillips' Curve 2009 FRQ #1
Topic 5.6 Economic Growth, Part II (Enlarge Presentations inside eTextbook)
Topic 5.6 Economic Growth, Part I (Enlarge Presentations inside eTextbook)
Topic 5.4 Fiscal Policy Government Debt and Government Deficit (GO UP TO TOPIC 3.8)
** Topic 5.3 Money Growth and Inflation (Velocity and Equation of Exchange)
** Topic 5.5 Crowding Out Effect Using the Loanable Funds and ASAD Graphs
** Topics 5.1 - 5.6 Long-Run Consequences of Stabilization Policies
** Topic 5.6 Economic Growth (PPF Graph and ASAD Graph)
** Topic 1.2 eTextbook -- Production-Possibilities Curve, I
** Topic 1.2 eTextbook -- Production-Possibilities Curve, II
NOTE:  AP Macroeconomics students DO NOT have to know the following topics:
price elasticity of demand, elasticity of supply, other price elasticities, consumer surplus,
producer surplus, price ceiling, and price floor.
** Topic 1.3 Comparative Advantage and Trade
** Topic 1.4 Quantity Demanded vs. Demand
** Topic 1.5 Quantity Supplied vs. Supply
** Topics 1.4 Cand 1.5 Demand and Supply Determinants
Unit 2:  Economic Indicators
** Topic 2.1 The Circular Flow and GDP
** Topic 2.2 Limitations of GDP (What is NOT Included in GDP)
** Topic 2.6 Real v Nominal GDP (Using FRED graph)
** Topic 2.7 Business Cycles
** Topic 2.3 Unemployment (Using FRED graph)
** Topic 2.3 Labor Force Participation Rate (Using FRED graph)
** Topic 2.4 Price Indices and Inflation (Using FRED graph)
** Topic 2.5 Cost of Inflation
** Topic 1.6 Market Disequilibrium and Changes in Equilibrium (Shortage and Surplus)
** Topic 3.1 Aggregate Demand (AD) Definitions and Graph
** Topic 3.2 Multipliers (Micro View)
** Topic 3.7 Long-Run Self-Adjustment
Topic 3.8 Fiscal Policy (Fiscal Policy Ship Simulation)
** Topic 3.3 Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS) Definitions and Graphing
** Topic 3.4 Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) Slope of LRAS
** Topic 3.5 Equilibrium in the ASAD Model (ASAD)
** Topic 3.6 Changes in the ASAD Model (ASAD)
** Topic 3.9 Automatic Stabilizers
Unit 4:  Financial Sector
** Topic 4.1 and 4. 2 Financial Assets and Nominal vs.Real Interest Rates
** Topic 4.3 Definition, Measurement, and Function of Money
** Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds Questions, II
** Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds Graph Definitions and Terms
** Topic 3.1 Aggregate Demand (AD) Components of and Graph
** Topic 3.4 Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) Graphing
** Topic 3.4 Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) Terminology of LRAS
** Topic 3.3 Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS) Components of and Graphing
** Topic 3.8 Fiscal Policy Definitions and Graphing
Topic 3.8 Fiscal Policy (Debt Clock)
** Topic 3.2 Multipliers (Expenditures Table)
** Topic 3.2 Multipliers (Questions)
** Topic 3.2 Multipliers (Definitions and Formulas)
** Topic 3.2 Multipliers (Calculations and Graphing)
** Topics 3.1 - 3.7  Reffonomics Baseball:  ASAD and the Multiplier
** Topics 2.1 - 2.7  Reffonomics Baseball -- Economic Indicators and Bus. Cycle
** Topics 1.1 - 1.3 Reffonomics Baseball -- Basic Concepts
** Topics 1.4 - 1.5  Reffonomics Baseball -- Supply and Demand
NOTE:  Inside the link below, students no longer have to know
the difference between Classical and Keynesian Thought
.
Topic 3.8 Fiscal Policy The Federal Budget
Topic 4.7 Two FRQs on Loanable Funds
Topic 3.8 Fiscal Policy Debt v. Deficit
Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds and ASAD Side-by-Side Graphs
Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds (40 Multiple Choice Questions)
** Topic 4.3 Recollections of Pine Gulch (The Creation of Money Allegory)
** Topic 4.1 Financial Assets (Bond Prices and a Change in Interest Rates)
** Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds Graph (Drawings, along with Questions)
** Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds eTextbook (Enlarge Graphs inside of eTextbook)
Topic 4.1 Financial Assets (Government Bonds)
** Topic 4.1 Financial Assets (Government Bonds)
** Topic 4.7 Loanable Funds Questions, I
** Topic 5.6 Economic Growth, Aggregate Production Function, and Formulas
** Topic 2.6 Formulas for Nominal GDP, RGDP, and GDP Deflator
Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award
Reff's Vitae
                                                           Directions  

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Enlarge or shrink screen to fit screen. ***
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Use the light green highlighted links to cover CED exclusively ***
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AP Macroeconomics Activities and Graphs
to pass the May Exam
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WSJ Article Interactive Lessons for Units 1 - 6 Post-Pandemic (2020 - 2022)
3-Minute Bell Work Video + 3 Interactive Multiple Choice Questions
3-Minute Bell Work Video + 3 Interactive Multiple Choice Questions
3-Minute Bell Work Video + 3 Interactive Multiple Choice Questions
WSJ Article Interactive Lessons for Units 1 - 6 Post-Pandemic (2020 - 2022)
WSJ Article Interactive Lessons for Units 1 - 6 Post-Pandemic (2020 - 2022)
Unit 1:  Basic Macroconomic Concepts
** Topic 1.1 Terms in Economics
** Topic 1.1 Current Events:  The Difference Between Scarcity and Shortage
** Topic 1.2 PPC Interactive Table and Graph
** Topic 1.2 PPC (increasing-cost, decreasing-cost, or constant-cost?)
Topic 1.3 Interactive Activity on Absolute and Comparative Advantage
** Topic 1.2 Interactive Constant-Cost PPC Graph
** Topic 1.2 Interactive Increasing-Cost PPC Graph
**Topic 1.1 eTextbook -- Introduction to Economics (Scarcity & Opportunity Cost)
** Topic 1.2 Production-Possibilities Frontier (Silent Movie)
Topic 1.2 Production-Possibilities Curve, Part III
Topic 1.2 Production-Possibilities Curve, Part I
** Topic 1.3 eTextbook -- Production-Possibilities Curve, Part II
Below you will find links to an eTextbook.  If you like any of the graphs and
activities found inside these eTextbook links, all you have to do is click on the
link and then enlarge the interactive graph or interactive activity you like to
show it to the class.
** Topic 1.3 Interactive PPC Graphs (2 Output and 2 Input Questions)
Topic 1.3 Interactive PPC Graphs (Create Your Own Output and Input Questions)
Topic 1.3 Interactive Increasing-, Decreasing- and Constant-Cost PPC Graphs
      TEST YOUR STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE NEARLY EVERY DAY!

Each unit starts with 3 Bell Starter Videos with 3 Starter Questions and the WSJ
Article Interactive lessons for Unit 1 - Unit 6 that cover economic concepts
following the Pandemic Recession (2020 - 2022).
Topic 1.4 Quantity Demanded (Qd) (10 questions)
Topic 1.4 Determinants of Demand (D) (9 questions)
Topic 1.4 Determinants of Demand (D) (8 questions)
Topic 1.5 Quantity Supplied (Qs) (10 questions)
Topic 1.5 Determinants of Supplied (S) (6 questions)
Topic 1.5 Determinants of Supply (S) (5 questions)
Topics 1.4 and 1.5 Review:  Supply and Demand (Silent Movie)
Topics 1.4 and 1.6 Review:  20 Multiple Choice Questions on Supply and Demand
Topics 1.4 and 1.6 Review:  25 Multiple Choice Questions on Supply and Demand
** Topics 1.6 Shortage and Surplus Interactive Activity, Part I
** Topics 1.6 Market Equilibrium & Disequilibrium, & Changes to Equilbrium
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WSJ Article Interactive Lessons for Units 1 - 6 Post-Pandemic (2020 - 2022)
3-Minute Bell Work Video + 3 Interactive Multiple Choice Questions
Unit 2:  Interactive Activities and Graphs
Unit 1:  Interactive Activities and Graphs
** Topic 2.7 Business Cycle Interactive Questions Activity
Topic 2.6 Formulas Using a Pyramid
** Topic 2.6 GDP Deflator, Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator (2016 - 2019) Activity
Topics 2.1 - 2.7 27 Multiple Choice Questions for Unit 2:  Economic Indicators
Unit 3:  Economic Indicators
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WSJ Article Interactive Lessons for Units 1 - 6 Post-Pandemic (2020 - 2022)
3-Minute Bell Work Video + 3 Interactive Multiple Choice Questions
Unit 3:  Interactive Activities and Graphs
Unit 4:  Interactive Activities and Graphs
Unit 5:  Interactive Activities and Graphs
Unit 6:  Interactive Activities and Graphs
NOTE:  Inside the lessons below students in AP Macroeconomics do NOT have to know the areas of
             Consumer and Producer Surplus on the supply and demand graph inside this next activity.
WSJ Article Interactive Lessons for Units 1 - 6 Post-Pandemic (2020 - 2022)
3-Minute Bell Work Video + 3 Interactive Multiple Choice Questions
NOTE:  AP Macroeconomics students DO NOT have to know simultaneous shifts in S & D
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** Topic 4.7  Reffonomics Baseball:  Loanable Funds
(Minimize Screen)
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Topic 4.4 Banking and the Expansion of the Money Supply (opening on 11/11/2026)
Topic 4.5 The Money Market (opening on 11/11/2026)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy (opening on 11/11/2026
Topic 1.1 Multiple Choice (10 Questions)
Topic 1.2 Production-Possiblities Frontier (10 Questions)
Topic 1.2 Interactive Increasing Costs PPC Graph with 11 Questions (with numbers)
Topic 1.2 Interactive Increasing Costs PPC Graph with 11 Questions (without numbers)
Topic 1.2 Production-Possiblities Curve (12 Questions)
Topic 1.2 PPC (14 Questions) (Drawable PPF Graph)
Topic 1.3 Production-Possibilities Curve (20 Questions)
Topics 1.1 - 1.3 Production-Possiblities Curve or Frontier (25 Questions)
Topics 1.1 - 1.3 Production-Possiblities Curve (40 Questions)
Topics 1.1 - 1.3 Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES
Topics 1.4 - 1.5  Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES
Topics 2.1 - 2.7  Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES
Topics 3.1 - 3.7  Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES
Topic 4.7  Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES
Topics 6.1 - 6.3  Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES
** Topics 5.1 - 5.6  Reffonomics Baseball:  Phillips' Curve and Economic Growth
Macro Current Events for Units 1 - 6
Topic 2.6 18 Multiple Choice Questions -- Real GDP
Topics 5.1 - 5.7  Reffonomics Baseball -- RULES