Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award

Steven Reff's Resume
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Unit 4:  Financial Sector

• Topic 4.1   Financial Assets
• Topic 4.2   Nominal v. Real Interest Rates
• Topic 4.3   Definition, Measurement, & Functions of Money
• Topic 4.4   The History of Banking and the Expansion of the Money Supply
• Topic 4.5   The History of the Money Market and Money Market Graph
• Topic 4.6   The Current Monetary Policy (2008 - Present)
• Topic 4.7   The Loanable Funds Market
(17% – 27% of the exam)
10 - 12 class periods
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Unit 4
Financial Sector
Week 9
Below are lessons for Unit 4: Topics 4.6 aligned to the AP® Macroeconomics CED.
You will have textbook readings, short videos with 3 multiple choice questions, workbook
assignments, multiple choice questions, "free" response questions and much more.

These resources can be displayed on the instructor's projection system inside the classroom,
or the instructor can copy the links and give to the students as homework.

Link to the  
AP®  Macroeconomics CED (Course and Exam Description) to see in-depth
coverage on each of the topics listed below for Unit 4:  Financial Sector.
Principles of Macroeconomics
Remember, you still have all of the resources and
assessments that The College Board
® provides for you
and your students.
Day 1:  Week 9
Topic 4.6  The Current Monetary Policy (Ample Reserves Regime)
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Day 2:  Week 9
eWorkbook Activities Interactive:
eTextbook Reading:
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Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy of the Future -- Ample Reserves Regime
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy of the Present 2023
Reffonomics Baseball Ample Reserves
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy of the Past
In September 2008, Monetary Policy changed drastically moving from
limited reserves where individual commercial banks kept required
reserves and excess reserves on their bank balance sheets to
ample reserves that earn interest and are kept at the Federal Reserve.

It all started with Quantitative Easing (QE1, QE2, Operation Twist, QE3,
and QE4.  Even though students don't have to know this for the exam,
you as an economic instructor should understand how the FED's
balance sheet changed during The Great Recession of 2008.
Teaching Ample Reserves using FOMC Statements and Board of Governors' Press Releases
eTextbook Reading (optional)
Quantitative Easing (2008 - 2014)
eTextbook Reading:
Ample Reserves Regime (2019 - Present)
eVideos -- Short YouTube Video
Monetary Policy -- Old and New (Limited Reserves vs. Ample Reserves)
Computer projection system lecture -- Enlarge the moveable graphs inside the
eTextbook link below as an in-class teaching tools.
Monetary Policy History Lesson (2003 - 2023)
Lessons to Help You Teach Ample Reserves (Keep scrolling down)
Topic 4.6  The Current Monetary Policy (Ample Reserves Regime)
Day 3:  Week 9
eWorkbook Activities Interactive:
What is going to be on the May exam?
Better Ample Reserves Graph with Administered Rates and Policy Rate  Enlarge Screen
Ample Reserves and ASAD Graphs  Enlarge Screen
Required Ample Reserves Graph from CED (Moveable and Drawable) Enlarge Screen
Topic 4.6  The Current Monetary Policy (Ample Reserves Regime)
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Day 4:  Week 9
TEST Your Knowledge
Topic 4.6  The Current Monetary Policy (Ample Reserves Regime)
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Reffonomics Baseball Rules
Ample Reserves & ASAD Graphs and Contractionary Monetary Policy Flow Chart
Ample Reserves & ASAD Graphs and Expansionary Monetary Policy Flow Chart
Day 5:  Week 9
REVIEW for Monday Quiz
Topic 4.6  The Current Monetary Policy (Ample Reserves Regime)
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Topic 4.7  The Loanable Funds Market
                 will be shown in Week 10
Here is how I would teach the lesson below.  I would reserve the computer lab and
break the students into four groups.  Assign each group a different FOMC meeting
lesson to read from the link below and tell them they will go up in front of the class
as a group and teach what they learned.  This could be a great review of what you
taught them about Ample Reserves.  This lesson might even take a couple of days
to finish.

NOTE:  Do NOT assign the September 19 and 20, 2023 FOMC meeting.  You taught
that earlier in Day 2 of this week.
The link below gives you a variety of methods to teach Ample Reserves.  
You can use your computer projection system to teach this lesson.  Enlarge Screen