Unit 1:  Basic Economic Concepts (8 - 10 class periods; 5 - 10%)
Unit 2:  Economics Indicators and the Business Cycle (9 - 11 class periods; 12 - 17%)
Unit 3:  National Income and Price Determination (10 - 12 class periods; 17 - 27%
Unit 4:  Financial Sector 11 - 13 class periods; 18 - 23%
Unit 5:  Long-Run Consequences of Stabilization Policies (8 - 10 class periods; 20 - 30%
Unit 6:  International Trade and Finance (5 - 7 class periods; 10 - 13%
Lesson 12:  Circular Flow
Lesson 13 and 14:  GDP and Limitations of GDP
Lesson 15:  Full Employment and Unemployment
Lesson 16:  Price Indices and Inflation
Lesson 17:  Real vs. Nominal
Lesson 18:  Business Cycle
Lesson 21:  Aggregate Demand, Part I
Lesson 19:  Aggregate Supply, Part I
Lesson 24:  Changes on the ASAD Model along
with Short-Run and Long-Run Adjustments
Lesson 23:  Expenditure Multiplier
Lesson 25:  Fiscal Policy, Part I:  Debt and Deficit
Lesson 28:  Automatic Stabilizers
Lesson 30:  The Functions of Money
Lesson 34:  Definition and Creation of Money
(The Recollections of Pine Gulch)
Lesson 35:  Monetary Policy (Tools of the FED --
Reserve Requirement and Discount Rate)
Lesson 29:  The Loanable Funds Market
Lesson 38:  Stabilization Fiscal and
Monetary Policy Actions
Lesson 39:  The Phillips Curve
Lesson 40:  Money Growth and Inflation  (This
is found in Lesson 32, Equation of Exchange
and Velocity of Money
Lesson 41:  Economic Growth and Public Policy
Lesson 43:  Balance of Trade
Lesson 44:  Currency Exchange Market
Lesson 20:  Aggregate Supply
(Short-Run and Long-Run), Part II
Lesson 22:  Aggregate Demand, Part II
Lesson 26:  Fiscal Policy, Part II:  Federal Budget
Lesson 27:  Fiscal Policy, Part III:  Using Fiscal Policy
to Close Recessionary and Inflationary Gaps
Lesson 31:  The Measurement of Money
Lesson 33:  Equation of Exchange and
the Velocity of Money
Lesson 37:  Money Market Graph
Lesson 45:  Balance of Payments
Lesson 36:  Monetary Policy (Tools of the FED --
Open Market Operations)
Lesson 32:  Monetary Policy
(The Federal Reserve System)
Lesson 42:  Economic Growth and Public Policy,
Part II (Less-Developed Countries)
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
Circular Flow Activity
RGDP Consumption Activity (Squirt Gun Game)
RGDP Investment Activity (Squirt Gun Game)
RGDP and Its Limitations Activity (Squirt Gun Game)
Inflation Activity (Demand-Pull and Cost-Push)
Inflation Activity (Who Benefits?  Who is Hurt? by Unexpected Inflation)
Inflation Rate and Price Index (CPI) Activity
Inflation Definitions (CPI, Inflation, Disinflation, Deflation, Real vs. Nominal)
Business Cycle Activity
GDP Deflator Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator Definitions and Calculations
GDP Deflator, Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator (2016 - 2019) Activity
Unemployment and Employment Definitions and Calculations Activity
Unemployment -- Different Types of Unemployment, Definitions and Calculations Activity
Unemployment and Employment 24 Questions Interactive Activity
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
Aggregate Demand, Part I  (Slope of AD and Its Components (Determinants))
Aggregate Demand, Part II (Change in Components and Change in AD)
Short-Run Aggregate Supply, Part I (Slope of the SRAS Curve)
Long-Run Aggregate Supply, Part I (Slope of LRAS Curve)
ASAD Graphing Activity (Combination of AD, SRAS, and LRAS )
Long-Run Aggregate Supply, Part II (Change in Determinants of LRAS)
Short-Run Aggregate Supply, Part II (Change in Determinants of the SRAS Curve)
Expenditure Multiplier Activity, Part II (Calculations, Gaps, and Graphs)
Fiscal Policy (Debt, Deficit, Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy)
Classical vs. Keynesian Thought (Flexible and Sticky Wages and Prices)
Automatic Stabilizers (Fiscal Policy)
Expenditure Multipliers Activity, Part I (Definitions, Terms, and Formulas)
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSON
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
Money (Definition, Measurement, and Functions)
Financial Assets and Nominal vs. Real Interest Rates
Change in Interest Rates and the Change on Secondary Bond Prices
Monetary Policy, Part III (A Commercial Bank and Its Balance Sheet, Part II)
Monetary Policy, Part I (Understanding How the Bankings System Works)
Monetary Policy, Part II (A Commercial Bank and Its Balance Sheet, Part I)
Monetary Policy, Part VI (Simple Money Multiplier)
Monetary Policy, Part IV (FED Policy Interactive)
Monetary Policy, Part V (Money Market Graphing Questions)
Monetary Policy, Part VII (Final Wrap Up on Monetary Policy)
Loanable Funds Market, Part I (Terms, Definitions, and Formulas)
Loanable Funds Market, Part II (Loanable Funds Market Graphing Questions)
Reffonomics Baseball Loanable Funds Market Graph and ASAD Graph
Loanable Funds Market Graph Movie
Reffonomics Baseball Money Market Graph and ASAD Graph
Money Market Graph Movie
Phillips Curve Graph (SRPC and LRPC)
Long-Run Consequences of Stabilization Policies (Definitions, Terms, and Formulas)
Reffonomics Baseball Phillips Curve and Economic Growth
Phillips Curve (SRPC and LRPC) Movie
Stabilization Fiscal and Monetary Policy Actions (four interactive activities)
Reffonomics Baseball Exchange Rates
Exchange Rates Movie, Part I
International Trade and Finance
(Terms, Definitions, and Formulas)
Exchange Rates Movie, Part II
Post Hoc Fallacy and Fallacy of Composition
Terms in Economics
Marginal Analysis, I
Production-Possibilities Basic Concepts
Production-Possiblities Frontier (10 Questions)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (12 Questions)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (14 Questions) (Movable PPF Graph)
Graphing Questions for the PPF (Stump the Class with Your Own PPF Questions)
Reffonomics Baseball Basic Concepts (Units 1 and 2)
Production-Possibilities Frontier Movie
Production-Possiblities Frontier (Absolute and Comparative Advantage)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (Terms of Trade)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (14 Questions) (Drawable PPF Graph)
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Lesson 1:  Introduction to Economics
Lesson 3:  Production-Possibilities Frontier (Part I)
Lesson 4:  Production-Possibilities Frontier (Part II)
Lesson 2:  Marginal Analysis
Lesson 5:  Production-Possibilities Frontier (Part III)
Quantity Demanded
Demand Determinants, Part 1 (Movable and Drawable Graphs)
Quantity Supplied
Supply Determinants, Part 1 (Movable and Drawable Graphs)
Create Your Own Supply and Demand Questions (Movable and Drawable)
Supply and Demand 10 Questions (Moveable and Drawable Graphs)
Simultaneous Shifts in Supply and Demand 5 Questions (Moveable and Drawable Graphs)
Blank Supply and Demand Graph (Drawable Graph)
Demand Determinants, Part 2 (Moveable and Drawable Graphs 2)
Supply Determinants, Part 2 (Moveable and Drawable Graphs 2)
Lesson 6:  Quantity Demanded vs. Demand
Lesson 7:  Law of Demand
Lesson 8:  Quantity Supplied vs. Supply
Lesson 9:  Law of Supply
Lesson 10:  Supply and Demand Combined
Lesson 11:  Simultaneous Shifts in
Supply and Demand
Reffonomics Baseball (Unit 1:  Supply and Demand)
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Supply and Demand Movie
Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award
Steven Reff's Vitae
Reffonomics Baseball Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Movie
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Introduction to Economics
Trade Offs vs. Opportunity Cost
Resources
Economic Systems
PPF, Part I  (Constant Cost vs. Increasing Cost PPF)
PPF, Part II  (Points on the PPF Graph)
PPF, Part III (Absolute and Comparative Advantage)
PPF, Part IV  (Good Terms of Trade and Consumption Possibilities)
PPF, Part V  (Bad Terms of Trade and Consumption Possibilities)
PPF, Part VI  (Output vs. Input Question)
PPF, Part VII  (Shifts of the PPF)
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Quantity Supplied vs. Supply
Simultaneous Shifts in Supply and Demand
Determinants of Demand, Part I
Determinants of Supply
Qd vs. Demand
Determinants of Demand, Part II
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Circular Flow (Imports and Exports)
Circular Flow (Withdrawals)
Circular Flow (Government)
Circular Flow (Injections)
Circular Flow (Simple)
Circular Flow (Financial)
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Unemployment (Different Types)
Figuring the Unemployment Rate
Business Cycle and PPF
Business Cycle
Price Indexes (CPI)
Inflation:  Who Benefits? Who is Hurt?
Real GDP
Full Employment
Demand Pull and Cost Push Inflation
Calculating Inflation Using the CPI
What is NOT included in Real GDP Data
Business Cycle and a Recession
Unemployment (U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6)
Nominal vs. Real
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSON
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSON
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
Exchange Rate (Brexit 2016, Dollar/Pound Side-by-Side Graphs)
Expenditure Multiplier (Micro View)
Money Supply vs. Money Stock
Tool of Monetary Policy (Discount Rate)
Tool of Monetary Policy (Reserve Requirement)
Tools of Fiscal Policy (Government Spending)
Crowding Out and Crowding In Effects
Demand of Loanable Funds
Supply of Loanable Funds
Money Demand
Money Market Graph
Expansionary Monetary Policy (Reserve Requirement)
Aggregate Demand Side Shifts (Complementary and Counteracting Policies)
Aggregate Demand Side Shifts (Fiscal Policy)
Aggregate Demand Side Shifts (Monetary Policy)
Phillips Curve (Short Run)
Phillips Curve (History)
Determinants of Economic Growth (Supply-Side Policies)
Exchange Rates (Graph Axes)
Exchange Rate (Appreciation/Depreciation of Currency)
Tool of Monetary Policy (Open-Market Operations)
Loanable Funds Market Graph (x and y axes)
Phillips Curve (Shifts in the Short Run)
Phillips Curve (Long Run)
Exchange Rate (Brexit 2016, Dollar/Pound Charts)
Balance of Trade (Current Account)
Financial Account (Capital and Financial Account)
Expenditure Multiplier (Macro View)
Tools of Fiscal Policy (Business Taxes)
Congress and the President
Tools of Fiscal Policy (Personal Income Taxes)
Debt and Deficit
Federal Budget
Simple Money Multiplier, Part I
Simple Money Multiplier, Part II
Recessionary (Output) and Inflationary Gaps
Components of Aggregate Demand
Aggregate Supply Ranges
Aggregate Supply (Short-run Shifts)
Aggregate Supply (Long-run Shifts)
ASAD (Y axis and X axis)
Variables that Change the Components of AD, Part I
Slope of Aggregate Demand (Direct)
Variables that Change the Components of AD, Part II
Contractionary Monetary Policy (Reserve Requirement)
Expansionary Monetary Policy (Open-Market Operations)
Contractionary Monetary Policy (Open-Market Operations)
Expenditure Multiplier (Autonomous C, I, G, and (X - M))
Money Demand (Shifts)
Exchange Rates (Currency Exchange Market)
Expenditure Multiplier (Multiplier in Table Form)
Primary Bond Market vs. Secondary Bond Market
Interest Rates and Bond Prices
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
Unit 1:  Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
Unit 1:  "Free" Response Questions
Unit 2:  Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
Unit 2:  "Free" Response Questions
Reffonomics Baseball (Unit 3: Macroeconomic Concepts)
Unit 3:  Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
Unit 3:  "Free" Response Questions
Unit 4:  Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
Unit 4:  "Free" Response Questions
Unit 5:  Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
Unit 5:  "Free" Response Questions
Unit 6:  Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
Unit 6:  "Free" Response Questions
PRINCIPLES of MACROECONOMICS
eTextbook and eWorkbook
for college-level and AP® economics classes*
VOLUNTARY NATIONAL CONTENT STANDARDS IN ECONOMICS by The Council on Economics Education in New York, City.
CLICK HERE
Lesson 52:  Personal Budgeting (The Story of Mr. or Ms. Cheapo)
Lesson 53:  Planning for College
Lesson 54:  Purchasing a Car
Lesson 55:  Filling Out a 1040 for 2020
Lesson 56:  Income and Wealth
Lesson 57:  Compound Interest and Rule of 72
Lesson 58:  Financial Investments
Lesson 59:  Stocks
Lesson 60:  Bonds
Lesson 61:  Purchasing a Home
Lesson 62:  Advertising Influences
Lesson 63:  Establishing Credit
Lesson 64:  Purchasing Insurance
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Unit 7:  Financial Literacy Concepts
*AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with and does not endorse Reffonomics.com.
Topic 4.6 Limited Reserves are OVER; it is ALL about Ample Reserves
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (History Lesson 2003 - 2019)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves Graph (Better Graph for the May Exam)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (History Lesson 2019 - ????)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy of the Present
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (Out with the Old; In with the New)
Topic 4.6  Reffonomics Baseball:  Ample Reserves
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (What is on the May Exam?)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Side-by-Side Ample Reserves Graph and ASAD Graph
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves Graph (Required Graph for May Exam)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (Near Zero Ample Reserves Policy 2009 - 2016)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy of the Past
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (FOMC and Board of Governors)
Ample Reserves Curriculum Lessons
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (Expansionary Monetary Policy Flow Chart)
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (Contractionary Monetary Policy Flow Chart)
BELOW ARE OLD MONETARY POLICY LESSONS
Supplemental Reading:
Quantitative Easing by the FED starting in 2008
The Federal Reserve (The FED)
REFFONOMICS eVideos
BELOW ARE NEW MONETARY POLICY LESSONS