Post Hoc Fallacy and Fallacy of Composition
Terms in Economics
Marginal Analysis
Production-Possibilities Basic Concepts
Production-Possiblities Frontier (10 Questions)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (12 Questions)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (14 Questions) (Movable PPF Graph)
Graphing Questions for the PPF (Stump the Class with Your Own PPF Questions)
Production-Possibilities Frontier Movie
Production-Possiblities Frontier (Absolute and Comparative Advantage)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (Terms of Trade)
Production-Possiblities Frontier (14 Questions) (Drawable PPF Graph)
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Lesson 1:  Introduction to Economics
Lesson 3:  Production-Possibilities Frontier (Part I)
Lesson 4:  Production-Possibilities Frontier (Part II)
Lesson 2:  Marginal Analysis
Lesson 5:  Production-Possibilities Frontier (Part III)
Quantity Demanded
Demand Determinants, Part 1 (Movable and Drawable Graphs)
Quantity Supplied
Supply Determinants, Part 1 (Movable and Drawable Graphs)
Create Your Own Supply and Demand Questions (Movable and Drawable)
Supply and Demand 10 Questions (Moveable and Drawable Graphs)
Simultaneous Shifts in Supply and Demand 5 Questions (Moveable and Drawable Graphs)
Blank Supply and Demand Graph (Drawable Graph)
Demand Determinants, Part 2 (Moveable and Drawable Graphs 2)
Supply Determinants, Part 2 (Moveable and Drawable Graphs 2)
Lesson 6:  Quantity Demanded vs. Demand
Lesson 7:  Law of Demand
Lesson 8:  Quantity Supplied vs. Supply
Lesson 9:  Law of Supply
Lesson 10:  Supply and Demand Combined
Lesson 11:  Simultaneous Shifts in
Supply and Demand
Lesson 12:  Consumer and Producer Surplus
Lesson 13:  Deadweight Loss
Lesson 14:  Price Ceiling and Price Floor
Lesson 15:  Elasticity
Areas on a Graph (squares, rectangles, and triangles) Activity
Total Expenditures at Different Prices Activity
Consumer Surplus Activity
Producer Surplus Activity
Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, and Deadweight Loss Activity
Basic Economic Concepts
Week 1:  Scarcity and Decision Making
Week 2:  Production-Possibilities Frontier, Specialization, and Trade
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Microeconomics (Part I)
Weeks 3 and 4:  Supply and Demand and the Role of Prices
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Weeks 5 and 6:  In-Depth Analysis of Supply and Demand
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Lesson 16:  Utility
Lesson 30:  Cost of Doing Business
Lesson 31:  Labor Cost
Lesson 32:  Types of Competition and Market Structures
Lesson 33:  Externalities
Lesson 34:  Private vs. Public Goods
Lesson 35:  Lorenz Curve
Microeconomics (Part II)
Week 7:  Business Costs and Market Structures
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Week 10:  Public Policy, Market Failure, and Income Inequality
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Macroeconomics
Price Ceiling (Effective vs. Ineffective) Activity
Price Floor (Effective vs. Ineffective) Activity
Elasticity 10 Questions Activity
Elasticity (Simple Elasticity Coefficient) 8 Questions Activity
Calculate Total Utility and Marginal Utility Activity
Calculate the Marginal Utility and Marginal Utility Per-Dollar Spent Activity
Calculate the Utility Maximization with a Given Budget Activity
Cost of Doing Business (Fixed Cost and Variable Costs Draggable Examples)
Cost of Doing Business (Calculating Variable Costs and Marginal Cost Table)
Cost of Doing Business (Calculate FC, VC, TC, MC Table)
Labor Cost Tables (Determining How Many Workers You Should Hire)
Types of Market Structures (Interactive Table of Market Characteristics)
Cost of Doing Business (Calculate Revenue, Cost, and Profit-Maximization)
Externalities -- Negative Externality Graphing Activity
Externalities -- Positive Externality Graphing Activity
Private vs. Public Goods (Two Parts) Activity
Lorenz Curve Graphing Activity (5 Questions)
Lorenz Curve Graphing Activity (8 Questions)
Supply and Demand Movie
Price Ceiling and Price Floor Movie
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Steven M. Reff
Economics Lecturer
University of Arizona
(2007 - 2016)
The 2015 University of Arizona
Five-Star Faculty Award
Steven Reff's Vitae
Lesson 17:  Personal Budgeting (The Story of Mr. or Ms. Cheapo)
Lesson 18:  Planning for College
Lesson 21:  Purchasing a Car
Lesson 29:  Filling Out a 1040 Tax Form 2020
Lesson 19:  Income and Wealth
Lesson 20:  Compound Interest and Rule of 72
Lesson 24:  Financial Investments
Lesson 25:  Stocks
Lesson 26:  Bonds
Lesson 22:  Purchasing a Home
Lesson 27:  Advertising Influences
Lesson 28:  Establishing Credit
Lesson 23:  Purchasing Insurance
Weeks 8 and 9:  Financial Literacy Concepts
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
25 Questions Multiple Choice Test on Production-Possibilities Frontier
40 Questions Multiple Choice Test on Week 1 and Week 2
25 Multiple Choice Questions on Supply and Demand
12 Multiple Choice Questions on Elasticity
13 Multiple Choice Questions on P Ceiling and P Floor
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Introduction to Economics
Trade Offs vs. Opportunity Cost
Resources
Economic Systems
PPF, Part I  (Constant Cost vs. Increasing Cost PPF)
PPF, Part II  (Points on the PPF Graph)
PPF, Part III (Absolute and Comparative Advantage)
PPF, Part IV  (Good Terms of Trade and Consumption Possibilities)
PPF, Part V  (Bad Terms of Trade and Consumption Possibilities)
PPF, Part VI  (Output vs. Input Question)
PPF, Part VII  (Shifts of the PPF)
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Quantity Supplied vs. Supply
Simultaneous Shifts in Supply and Demand
Determinants of Demand, Part I
Determinants of Supply
Qd vs. Demand
Determinants of Demand, Part II
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Price Ceiling and Price Floor:
Price Ceiling (Effective vs. Ineffective)
Price Ceiling (CS, PS, Deadweight Loss)
Price Floor (CS, PS, Deadweight Loss)
Elasticity and Total Revenue
Elasticity of Demand Coefficient
Marginal Utility vs. Total Utility
Utility Maximization
Price Floor (Effective vs. Ineffective)
Surplus and Shortage
Elasticity of Demand Coefficient Examples
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Fixed Costs, Variable Costs, and Total Cost Explained
Production Costs:
Types of Market Structure, Part I
Types of Market Structures:
Types of Market Structure, Part II
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Negative Externality, Part I
Positive Externality, Part I
Lorenz Curve (Income Equality vs. Income Inequality), Part I
Negative Externality, Part II
Positive Externality, Part II
Lorenz Curve (Income Equality vs. Income Inequality), Part II
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Lesson 36:  Circular Flow
Lesson 37:  RGDP and Limitations of RGDP
Lesson 38:  Full Employment and Unemployment
Lesson 39:  Price Indices and Inflation
Lesson 40:  Real vs. Nominal
(Real GDP vs. Nominal GDP)
Lesson 41:  Business Cycle
Lesson 44:  Aggregate Demand, Part I
Lesson 42:  Aggregate Supply, Part I
Lesson 47:  Changes on the ASAD Model along
with Short-Run and Long-Run Adjustments
Lesson 46:  Expenditure Multiplier
Lesson 48:  Fiscal Policy, Part I:  Debt and Deficit  
Lesson 51:  Automatic Stabilizers
Lesson 52:  The Functions of Money
Lesson 54:  Definition and Creation of Money
(The Recollections of Pine Gulch)
Lesson 60:  Stabilization Fiscal
and Monetary Policy Actions
Lesson 63:  Economic Growth and Public Policy, Part I
Lesson 61:  Balance of Trade  
Lesson 62:  Currency Exchange Market  
Lesson 43:  Aggregate Supply
(Short-Run and Long-Run), Part II)
Lesson 45:  Aggregate Demand, Part II
Lesson 49:  Fiscal Policy, Part II:  Federal Budget
Lesson 50:  Fiscal Policy, Part III:  Using Fiscal Policy
to Close Recessionary and Inflationary Gaps
Lesson 53:  The Measurement of Money  
Lesson 56:  Monetary Policy
(The Federal Reserve System)
Lesson 64:  Economic Growth and Public Policy, Part II (Less-Developed Countries)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Weeks 11 - 12:  Basic Macroeconomics Concepts
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Economic Growth and Public Policy
Week 17 - 18:  International Economics and Currency Exchange Rates
Weeks 15 - 17:  Monetary Policy
Week 14:  Fiscal Policy
Weeks 12 - 13:  Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Expenditure Multiplier Activity, Part II (Calculations, Gaps, and Graphs)
The Global Economics Concepts
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
Circular Flow Activity
RGDP Consumption Activity (Squirt Gun Game)
RGDP Investment Activity (Squirt Gun Game)
RGDP and Its Limitations Activity (Squirt Gun Game)
Inflation Activity (Demand-Pull and Cost-Push)
Inflation Activity (Who Benefits?  Who is Hurt? by Unexpected Inflation)
Inflation Rate and Price Index (CPI) Activity
Inflation Definitions (CPI, Inflation, Disinflation, Deflation, Real vs. Nominal)
Business Cycle Activity
GDP Deflator Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator Definitions and Calculations
GDP Deflator, Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator (2016 - 2019) Activity
Unemployment and Employment Definitions and Calculations Activity
Unemployment -- Different Types of Unemployment, Definitions and Calculations Activity
Unemployment and Employment 24 Questions Interactive Activity
Aggregate Demand, Part I  (Slope of AD and Its Components (Determinants))
Aggregate Demand, Part II (Change in Components and Change in AD)
Short-Run Aggregate Supply, Part I (Slope of the SRAS Curve)
Long-Run Aggregate Supply, Part I (Slope of LRAS Curve)
ASAD Graphing Activity (Combination of AD, SRAS, and LRAS )
Fiscal Policy (Debt, Deficit, Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy)
Automatic Stabilizers (Fiscal Policy)
Expenditure Multipliers Activity, Part I (Definitions, Terms, and Formulas)
Long-Run Aggregate Supply, Part II (Change in Determinants of LRAS)
Short-Run Aggregate Supply, Part II (Change in Determinants of the SRAS Curve)
Money (Definition, Measurement, and Functions)
Financial Assets and Nominal vs. Real Interest Rates
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
Stabilization Fiscal and Monetary Policy Actions (four interactive activities)
Exchange Rates Movie, Part I
Exchange Rates Movie, Part II
13 Multiple Choice Questions on Employment
Expenditure Multiplier (Micro View)
Tools of Fiscal Policy (Government Spending)
Aggregate Demand Side Shifts (Complementary and Counteracting Policies)
Aggregate Demand Side Shifts (Fiscal Policy)
Aggregate Demand Side Shifts (Monetary Policy)
Determinants of Economic Growth (Supply-Side Policies)
Exchange Rates (Graph Axes)
Exchange Rate (Appreciation/Depreciation of Currency)
Balance of Trade (Current Account)
Expenditure Multiplier (Macro View)
Tools of Fiscal Policy (Business Taxes)
Congress and the President
Tools of Fiscal Policy (Personal Income Taxes)
The Federal Reserve (The FED)
Debt and Deficit
Federal Budget
Circular Flow (Imports and Exports)
Circular Flow (Withdrawals)
Circular Flow (Government)
Circular Flow (Injections)
Circular Flow (Simple)
Circular Flow (Financial)
Unemployment (Different Types)
Figuring the Unemployment Rate
Business Cycle and PPF
Business Cycle
Price Indexes (CPI)
Inflation:  Who Benefits? Who is Hurt?
Real GDP
Full Employment
Demand Pull and Cost Push Inflation
Calculating Inflation Using the CPI
What is NOT included in Real GDP Data
Business Cycle and a Recession
Unemployment (U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6)
Nominal vs. Real
Recessionary (Output) and Inflationary Gaps
Components of Aggregate Demand
Aggregate Supply Ranges
Aggregate Supply (Short-run Shifts)
Aggregate Supply (Long-run Shifts)
ASAD (Y axis and X axis)
Variables that Change the Components of AD, Part I
Variables that Change the Components of AD, Part II
Expenditure Multiplier (Autonomous C, I, G, and (X - M))
Exchange Rates (Currency Exchange Market)
Expenditure Multiplier (Multiplier in Table Form)
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Hope you enjoyed learning about the subject of economics!
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eVideos
REFFONOMICS eTEXBOOK LESSONS
REFFONOMICS eWORKBOOK ACTIVITIES
REFFONOMICS eVideos
Graphing Website for Teachers and Students
2022-2023 High School Economics
eTextbook and eWorkbook
for regular and honors high school classes
VOLUNTARY NATIONAL CONTENT STANDARDS IN ECONOMICS by The Council on Economics Education in New York, City.
CLICK HERE
Topic 4.6 Monetary Policy of the
Future -- Ample Reserves Regime (2020 - ???)
Lesson 58:   Monetary Policy of
the Present (2008 - 2020)
Lesson 57:  Monetary Policy
of the Past (Prior to 2008)
Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (Expansionary Monetary Policy Flow Chart)
Monetary Policy Ample Reserves (Contractionary Monetary Policy Flow Chart)
Monetary Policy Ample Reserves Graph (REFF® and FRED® Graphs)
Reffonomics Baseball -- Ample Reserves
Chairman Powell on How Monetary Policy has changed (9/2023)
VIDEO:  How the FOMC sets the Target Federal
Funds Rate (11 minutes)
Tool of Monetary Policy (Discount Rate)